Hyperpigmentation
Hyperpigmentation is known over Wikipedia.com as a condition characterized by darkening of the skin. Based on clinical studies, those of Asian, Mediterranean or Latin origins have bigger risks of developing this skin condition.
Skin experts reported that hyperpigmentation is a result of the overproduction of the skin pigment known as melanin. This so-called melanin is also produced by melanocytes. This is a pigment that is giving skin color as well as color of the hair and eyes. Hyperpigmentation happens when melanocytes become hyperactive and produces more melanin according to recent studies.
Hyperpigmentation maybe found in some parts of the body such as the hands, face, neck and more particularly the back part. This condition according to experts is very common but harmless. However, some people consider it as something that is irritating and nuisance, especially those very meticulous about their skin.
Hyperpigmentation as hormonal changes
Aside from excessive sun exposure, hyperpigmentation is also due to hormonal changes, heredity, frequent picking at the skin, inflammation, injuries and intake of certain medications
like antibiotics, anti-seizure drugs or those used for hormone treatments. There is also post inflammatory hyperpigmentation when a pimple, acne, a cut, simple abrasion or even a minor injury left a mark on the skin, which appears darker than the other parts of the skin.
Among the skin conditions that show signs of hyperpigmentation include freckles, stain, dark circles under the eyes, sun spots or age spots (freckles caused by sun exposure) and tan. Pregnant women are also prone to developing hyperpigmentation called melasma, which is also known as “pregnancy mask.” Melasma is primarily due to hormonal changes during pregnancy. It is characterized by splotchy and pigmented skin condition in the face, neck and back. It usually fades away after the woman gives birth.
Hyperpigmentation-associated diseases
There are certain diseases and skin conditions that have been associated with hyperpigmentation. Among these are tinea fungal infections like ringworm, mercury poisoning resulting from topical application of ointments or skin whitening creams that contain mercury, acanthosis nigricans or hyperpigmentation of intertriginous areas due to insulin resistance, smoker’s melanosis, celiac disease, aromatase deficiency, Nelson’s syndrome, Grave’s disease, haemochromatosis (a genetic disorder characterized by a chronic accumulation of iron in the body), Addison’s disease, linea nigra (hyperpigmented line in the abdomen during pregnancy) and exposure to certain chemicals like salicylic acid. Dermatologists say there is actually no cure to hyperpigmentation. However, there are treatments that can lighten the affected area of the skin.
Among the recommended treatment is the use of skin care products that contain hydroquinone, tretinoin (Retinol), kojic acid, ascorbic acid or vitamin C, azelaic acid, licorice extract and topical glucocorticoids.
Skin care products that contain alpha hydroxy acids (AHAs) such as glycolic and lactic acid are also recommended to treat hyperpigmentation. Alpha hydroxy acids remove the buildup of dead cells in the surface of the skin that have been stained with pigment, resulting to the lessening of the skin’s discoloration.
Dermatologists also recommend exfoliating regularly to get rid of dead skin cells. But the best way to prevent getting hyperpigmentation is to avoid exposure to the sun or if this cannot be avoided, apply sunscreen with SPF 15 every day before going out.
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